Organization of the new hospital of adnan menderes university: the decisions and advices of the academics

AMAÇ: Bu çalışmanın amacı 2009 yılı içinde kullanıma açılacak olan Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesinin yeni binasının yapılandırılması konusunda Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi ögretim üyelerinin tercih ve önerilerinin belirlenmesidir. GEREÇ ve YÖNTEM: Bu çalışma kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı bir araştırmadır. Bir anket formu aracılığıyla ilk bölümde öğretim üyelerinin temel demografik özellikleri ile eğitim ve çalışma yaşamları incelenmiş ikinci kısımda da yeni hastane binasının yapılanması hakkındaki görüşleri alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Windows için SPSS 10.0 programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. BULGULAR: Öğretim üyelerinin (n=78; 49 erkek, 29 kadın) ortalama yası 43.0 ±6.2 yıldır. Hekimlerin (n=77) ortalama çalışma süresi 19.44±5.25 yıl olup 16'sının (%20.3) yöneticilik deneyimi bulunmaktadır. Katılımcılar hemşire ve eczacılar gibi yardımcı meslek gruplarının görüşünün alınmasını büyük oranda (~%70-87 arası) gerekli görmüş, çalışmaların çoğunlukla (%75.6) için çoklu altkurullar tarafından yürütülmesini savunmuştur. Yine katılımcıların %65.8'i bu çalışmalara kişisel destek vermeye olumlu bakarken, %67'i kliniğinin temsil edilmesi gerektiğini belirtmistir. Hastane organizasyonunda uzmanlık dalları arasındaki paylaşımlar konusunda özellikle Hasta-Is Potansiyeli, Hastaneye Getiri/Karlılık ve Eğitimdeki Rol ile Bilimsel Aktivite önemli kriterler olarak belirtilmiştir. Katılımcıların %76.9'u yabancı/dıs merkezlerin yapılanmasının da dikkate alınması gerektiğini savunmuştur. SONUÇ: Yeni binasına tasınmayı hedefleyen hastanemiz, kapasitesini en az iki kat artırmaya hazırlanmaktadır. Katılımcılar yeni binamızın hem bir üniversite hastanesi gibi eğitim, öğretim ve araştırma hem de bir hastane olarak kaliteli ve verimli hizmet sunacak şekilde yapılanması gerektiğine işaret etmişlerdir.Öğretim üyelerimizin birikim ve tecrübeleri ışığında sağladıkları görüşlerinin hastanemizin yapılanma sürecinin daha sağlıklı olmasına katkı sağlayacağı inancındayız.OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to report the decisions and advices of the academicians of Adnan Menderes University Medical Faculty on the organization of new Practice and Research Hospital building. MATERIALS and METHODS: The study was a cross-sectional, descriptive research. In the first part, the demographic properties and education and practice carriers of the academics was noted while in the second part their decisions on organization of the new hospital building was questioned. The data was analyzed by SPSS 10.0 forWindows program. RESULTS: The mean ages of the 78 (49 male, 29 female) academics was 43.0 ±6.2 years. The mean carrier periods of medical doctors (n=77) was 19.44±5.25 years and 16 of them (20.3%) had experience on hospital management. Majority of the participants (about ~70-87%) approved the idea of taking into consideration the decisions of the other team mates such as nurses and pharmacists and also (75.6%) suggested the formation of multiple organization subgroups. While 65.8% of the participants were positive about contributing to the organization studies individually, 67.1% stated that their clinical department should be represented. On the distribution of hospital resources among the clinical departments; the criteria such as, Patient-work potential, Hospital incomes/profits, and Predominance in education as well as Scientific activities were emphasized as important. Other hospitals' organization models were advised to be looked into by 76.9% of the participants. CONCLUSION: Our hospital's aim is at least, to duplicate its capacity in its new building. The participants of this study indicated that the new building should serve not only as a university hospital for education and research but also as hospital for public healthcare with high quality and performance.We believe, the suggestions of the academics in the light of their training and experience will contribute to a better organizational process for our hospital

Yakınları ve ailesi Çetin Emeç'i anlattı

Taha Toros Arşivi, Dosya No: 44-Çetin-Aydın-Ragıp Eme

Social B(eye)as: Human and Machine Descriptions of People Images

Image analysis algorithms have become an indispensable tool in our information ecosystem, facilitating new forms of visual communication and information sharing. At the same time, they enable large-scale socio-technical research which would otherwise be difficult to carry out. However, their outputs may exhibit social bias, especially when analyzing people images. Since most algorithms are proprietary and opaque, we propose a method of auditing their outputs for social biases. To be able to compare how algorithms interpret a controlled set of people images, we collected descriptions across six image tagging algorithms. In order to compare these results to human behavior, we also collected descriptions on the same images from crowdworkers in two anglophone regions. The dataset we present consists of tags from these eight taggers, along with a typology of concepts, and a python script to calculate vector scores for each image and tagger. Using our methodology, researchers can see the behaviors of the image tagging algorithms and compare them to those of crowdworkers. Beyond computer vision auditing, the dataset of humanand machine-produced tags, the typology, and the vectorization method can be used to explore a range of research questions related to both algorithmic and human behaviors

Fairness in Proprietary Image Tagging Algorithms: A Cross-Platform Audit on People Images

There are increasing expectations that algorithms should behave in a manner that is socially just. We consider the case of image tagging APIs and their interpretations of people images. Image taggers have become indispensable in our information ecosystem, facilitating new modes of visual communication and sharing. Recently, they have become widely available as Cognitive Services. But while tagging APIs offer developers an inexpensive and convenient means to add functionality to their creations, most are opaque and proprietary. Through a cross-platform comparison of six taggers, we show that behaviors differ significantly. While some offer more interpretation on images, they may exhibit less fairness toward the depicted persons, by misuse of gender-related tags and/or making judgments on a person’s physical appearance. We also discuss the difficulties of studying fairness in situations where algorithmic systems cannot be benchmarked against a ground truth

How Do We Talk about Other People? Group (Un)Fairness in Natural Language Image Descriptions

Crowdsourcing plays a key role in developing algorithms for image recognition or captioning. Major datasets, such as MS COCO or Flickr30K, have been built by eliciting natural language descriptions of images from workers. Yet such elicitation tasks are susceptible to human biases, including stereotyping people depicted in images. Given the growing concerns surrounding discrimination in algorithms, as well as in the data used to train them, it is necessary to take a critical look at this practice. We conduct experiments at Figure Eight using a controlled set of people images. Men and women of various races are positioned in the same manner, wearing a grey t-shirt. We prompt workers for 10 descriptive labels, and consider them using the human-centric approach, which assumes reporting bias. We find that “what’s worth saying” about these uniform images often differs as a function of the gender and race of the depicted person, violating the notion of group fairness. Although this diversity in natural language people descriptions is expected and often beneficial, it could result in automated disparate impact if not managed properly

Shifting Our Awareness, Taking Back Tags: Temporal Changes in Computer Vision Services’ Social Behaviors

Much attention has been on the behaviors of computer vision services when describing images of people. Audits have revealed rampant biases that could lead to harm, when services are used by developers and researchers. We focus on temporal auditing, replicating experiments originally conducted three years ago. We document the changes observed over time, relating this to the growing awareness of structural oppression and the need to align technology with social values. While we document some positive changes in the services’ behaviors, such as increased accuracy in the use of gender-related tags overall, we also replicate findings concerning larger error rates for images of Black individuals. In addition, we find cases of increased use of inferential tags (e.g., emotions), which are often sensitive. The analysis underscores the difficulty in following changes in services’ behaviors over time, and the need for more oversight of such services

Fibrin Glue's Intraabdominal Adhesion Creation Potential:Experimental Study

AMAÇ: Çalışmamızda abdominal operasyon yapılan sıçanlarda, hemostatik ajan olarak kullanılan Fibrin Glue(Tisseel)'nin operasyon sonrası intraabdominal adezyon oluşturma potansiyelini değerlendirdik.GEREÇ VE YÖNTEMLER: SB Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Genel Cerrahi Kliniği'nde planlanan çalışmada, 30 (otuz) adet Wistar Albino cinsi dişi rat kullanıldı. Ratlar randomize olarak, 10'ar ratdan oluşan 3 gruba ayrıldı. Sham grubuna; laparotomi çekumun dışarı alınması ve yeniden batına gönderilmesi işlemi uygulandı.Kontrol grubuna; çekal abrazyon karşı peritondan 1x1 cm eksizyon işlemi, Fibrin Glue grubuna ise; çekal abrazyon karşı peritondan 1x1 cm eksizyon ve çekum üzerine Figrin Glue uygulaması yapıldı. Postoperatif 21. Günde ratlar yüksek doz anestezik verilerek sakrifiye edildi. Laparotomi esnasında adezyon skorlaması; yaygınlık, görünüm ve uygulanan kuvvete karşı direncin temel alındığı adezyon skorlaması; gruplar hakkında bilgisi olmayan bir cerrahi ekip tarafından; yaygınlığın, görünümün ve uygulanan kuvvete karşı direncin temel olarak alındığı bir yöntemle yapıldı. Periton ve çekumdan alınan doku örnekleri histopatolojik incelemeye gönderildi.BULGULAR: Adezyon skoru değerlendirmesinde, tüm gruplar Kruskal -Wallis Testi ile genel karşılaştırıldığında; Sham, Kontrol ve Fibrin Glue grupları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark bulundu (p 0.003). Mann-Whitney Testi ile yapılan ikili karşılaştırmalarda; Sham ve Kontrol grupları arasında istatistiksel anlamlı fark olduğu (p 0.013), Sham ve Fibrin Glue grupları arasında da anlamlı fark olduğu görüldü (p 0.001). Ancak Kontrol ve Fibrin Glue grupları arasında anlamlı istatistiksel fark bulunmadı (p0.05). Fibrin Glue grubunun adezyon skor ortalaması, Kontrol grubundan daha yüksek idi. Histopatolojik değerlendirme sonuçları için tüm gruplar Kruskal-Wallis Testi ile genel karşılaştırıldığında; Sham, Kontrol ve Fibrin Glue grupları arasında inflamasyon ve fibrozis açısından anlamlı fark olduğu (Fibrozis için p0.001, inflamasyon için p0.014) tespit edildi. Mann-Whitney Testi ile ikili grup karşılaştırılmalarında; Sham ve Kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı fark görüldü (inflamasyon için p0.022, fibrozis için p0.001), Sham ve Fibrin Glue grupları arasında da anlamlı fark görüldü( inflamasyon için p0.006, fibrozis için p0.002). Kontrol ve Fibrin Glue grupları arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p0.05). Ancak, Fibrin Glue grubundaki inflamasyon ve fibrozis skor ortalamaları Kontrol grubundaki değerlerden daha yüksek idi. SONUÇ: Fibrin Glue (Tisseel)'nun intraabdominal yapışıklık oluşturma potansiyeli deneysel olarak değerlendirilmiş, makroskobik ve mikroskobik olarak yapılan karşılaştırmalarda; Sham, Kontrol grubu ve Fibrin Glue (Tisseel) grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmuştur. Ancak, insanlardaki abdominal cerrahilerde olası adezyon potansiyelinin değerlendirilebilmesi için denek sayısının fazla olduğu daha kapsamlı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu kanaatindeyiz.OBJECTIVE: In our study, we evaluated the potential of intraabdominal adhesion of fibrin glue (Tisseel), which is used as a hemostatic agent in rats undergoing abdominal surgery.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty (30) female Wistar Albino rats were used in the study which was planned at the General Surgery Clinic of the Ankara Training and Research Hospital. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, each consisting of 10 rats. Sham group: Laparotomy withdrawal of the graft and resuscitation was performed. Control group: 1x1 cm excision process from cecal abrasion counterperiton. Fibrin Glue group; cecal abrasion 1x1 cm excision from the peritoneum and Fibrin Glue were applied on the cecum. On postoperative day 21, the rats were sacrificed by high dose anesthetic. Adhesion scoring during laparotomy; the prevalence, appearance, and resistance to applied force are based on adhesion scoring; by a surgical team without information about the groups; the appearance, and the resistance against the applied perspiration were used as a basis. Tissue specimens taken from the peritoneum and cecum were sent to a histopathological examination.RESULTS: When all groups were compared with the Kruskal-Wallis test in evaluating the adhesion score. There was statistically significant difference between sham, control and fibrin glue groups (p 0.003). In the binary comparisons made with the Mann-Whitney Test; There was a statistically significant difference between sham and control groups (p 0.013), and there was also a significant difference between sham and fibrin glue groups (p 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant difference between Control and Fibrin Glue groups (p> 0.05). The adhesion score average of the fibrin glue group was higher than the control group. When all groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis test for histopathological evaluation results; There was a significant difference between the sham, control and fibrin glue groups in terms of inflammation and fibrosis (p 0.001 for fibrosis, p 0.014 for inflammation). Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the two groups; There was a significant difference between sham and control group (p 0.022 for inflammation, p 0.001 for fibrosis) and a significant difference between sham and fibrin glue groups (p 0.006 for inflammation and p 0.002 for fibrosis). There was no significant difference between control and fibrin glue groups (p> 0.05). However, the mean scores of inflammation and fibrosis in the fibrin glue group were higher than those in the Control group.CONCLUSION: Fibrin glue (Tisseel) has been experimentally evaluated in terms of the potential for intraabdominal adhesion formation, macroscopically and microscopically, There was a statistically significant difference between sham, control group and fibrin glue (Tisseel) groups. However, we believe that there is a need for more extensive studies to assess the potential adhesion of abdominal surgeons in humans